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A transformation characterized by an invariant line and a scale factor (one-way stretch) or two invariant lines and corresponding scale factors (two-way stretch).

A generalization of Ramsey theory to mathematical objects in which one would not normally expect structure to be found. For example, there exists a graph with very few ...

The subdiagonal of a square matrix is the set of elements directly under the elements comprising the diagonal. For example, in the following matrix, the diagonal elements are ...

In the triangle DeltaABC illustrated above, side c subtends angle ∠C. More generally, given a geometric object O in the plane and a point P, let A be the angle from one edge ...

Trials for which the Lexis ratio L=sigma/(sigma_B), satisfies L>1, where sigma is the variance in a set of s Lexis trials and sigma_B is the variance assuming Bernoulli ...

A set containing all elements of a smaller set. If B is a subset of A, then A is a superset of B, written A superset= B. If A is a proper superset of B, this is written A ...

Given a sequence of real numbers a_n, the supremum limit (also called the limit superior or upper limit), written lim sup and pronounced 'lim-soup,' is the limit of ...

The problem of finding all independent irreducible algebraic relations among any finite set of quantics.

For any two points x,y in X, there is an open set U such that x in U and y not in U or y in U and x not in U. A space fulfilling this axiom is called a T0-space.

Given any two distinct points x,y, there exist neighborhoods u and v of x and y, respectively, with u intersection v=emptyset. It then follows that finite subsets are closed.