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Let s(n)=sigma(n)-n, where sigma(n) is the divisor function and s(n) is the restricted divisor function, and define the aliquot sequence of n by ...

The biconjugate gradient stabilized (BCGSTAB) method was developed to solve nonsymmetric linear systems while avoiding the often irregular convergence patterns of the ...

A two-sided (doubly infinite) Z-Transform, Z^((2))[{a_n}_(n=-infty)^infty](z)=sum_(n=-infty)^infty(a_n)/(z^n) (Zwillinger 1996; Krantz 1999, p. 214). The bilateral transform ...

A binary plot of an integer sequence is a plot of the binary representations of successive terms where each term is represented as a column of bits with 1s colored black and ...

The Borwein integrals are the class of definite integrals defined by I_n=1/piint_0^inftyx^(-(n+1)/2)product_(k=1,3,...)^nsin(x/k)dx for odd n. The integrals are curious ...

A boundary value problem is a problem, typically an ordinary differential equation or a partial differential equation, which has values assigned on the physical boundary of ...

A braid index is the least number of strings needed to make a closed braid representation of a link. The braid index is equal to the least number of Seifert circles in any ...

Brocard's problem asks to find the values of n for which n!+1 is a square number m^2, where n! is the factorial (Brocard 1876, 1885). The only known solutions are n=4, 5, and ...

A fractal-like structure is produced for x<0 by superposing plots of Carotid-Kundalini functions ck_n of different orders n. the region -1<x<0 is called fractal land by ...

An odd prime p is called a cluster prime if every even positive integer less than p-2 can be written as a difference of two primes q-q^', where q,q^'<=p. The first 23 odd ...