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A nut graph is a graph on n>=2 vertices with adjacency matrix A such that A has matrix rank 1 and contains no 0 element (Sciriha 1998, 2008; Sciriha and Gutman, 1998; and ...

A quasiregular polyhedron is the solid region interior to two dual regular polyhedra with Schläfli symbols {p,q} and {q,p}. Quasiregular polyhedra are denoted using a ...

A moment mu_n of a probability function P(x) taken about 0, mu_n^' = <x^n> (1) = intx^nP(x)dx. (2) The raw moments mu_n^' (sometimes also called "crude moments") can be ...

A round number is a number that is the product of a considerable number of comparatively small factors (Hardy 1999, p. 48). Round numbers are very rare. As Hardy (1999, p. ...

A traceable graph is a graph that possesses a Hamiltonian path. Hamiltonian graphs are therefore traceable, but the converse is not necessarily true. Graphs that are not ...

The upside-down capital delta symbol del , also called "nabla" used to denote the gradient and other vector derivatives. The following table summarizes the names and ...

The two-argument Ramanujan function is defined by phi(a,n) = 1+2sum_(k=1)^(n)1/((ak)^3-ak) (1) = 1-1/a(H_(-1/a)+H_(1/a)+2H_n-H_(n-1/a)-H_(n+1/a)). (2) The one-argument ...

The partial differential equation u_(xx)+(y^2)/(1-(y^2)/(c^2))u_(yy)+yu_y=0.

The Diophantine equation x^2+y^2+z^2=3xyz. The Markov numbers m are the union of the solutions (x,y,z) to this equation and are related to Lagrange numbers.

For N=k·2^n+1 with k odd and 2^n>k, if there exists an integer a such that a^((N-1)/2)=-1 (mod N), then N is prime. A prime of this form is known as a Proth prime.