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A cubic triangular number is a positive integer that is simultaneously cubic and triangular. Such a number must therefore satisfy T_n=m^3 for some positive integers n and m, ...

The Euler-Gergonne-Soddy circle, a term coined here for the first time, is the circumcircle of the Euler-Gergonne-Soddy triangle. Since the Euler-Gergonne-Soddy triangle is a ...

The four parameters e_0, e_1, e_2, and e_3 describing a finite rotation about an arbitrary axis. The Euler parameters are defined by e_0 = cos(phi/2) (1) e = [e_1; e_2; e_3] ...

A mathematical structure first introduced by Kolyvagin (1990) and defined as follows. Let T be a finite-dimensional p-adic representation of the Galois group of a number ...

Green's identities are a set of three vector derivative/integral identities which can be derived starting with the vector derivative identities del ·(psidel phi)=psidel ...

A non-zero module which is not the direct sum of two of its proper submodules. The negation of indecomposable is, of course, decomposable. An abstract vector space is ...

Let x be a real number, and let R be the set of positive real numbers mu for which 0<|x-p/q|<1/(q^mu) (1) has (at most) finitely many solutions p/q for p and q integers. Then ...

The length of all composition series of a module M. According to the Jordan-Hölder theorem for modules, if M has any composition series, then all such series are equivalent. ...

To solve the system of differential equations (dx)/(dt)=Ax(t)+p(t), (1) where A is a matrix and x and p are vectors, first consider the homogeneous case with p=0. The ...

A number satisfying Fermat's little theorem (or some other primality test) for some nontrivial base. A probable prime which is shown to be composite is called a pseudoprime ...