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There are several statistical quantities called means, e.g., harmonic mean, geometric mean, arithmetic-geometric mean, and root-mean-square. When applied to two elements a ...

A minimal cover is a cover for which removal of any single member destroys the covering property. For example, of the five covers of {1,2}, namely {{1},{2}}, {{1,2}}, ...

The Smale horseshoe map consists of a sequence of operations on the unit square. First, stretch in the y direction by more than a factor of two, then compress in the x ...

The word "star" is used in a number of different ways in mathematics. The term is commonly used to voice an asterisk when appearing in a mathematical expression. For example, ...

An arc of a graph, sometimes also called a flag, is an ordered pair of adjacent vertices (Godsil and Royle 2001, p. 59), sometimes also called a directed line (Harary 1994, ...

A rational homomorphism phi:G->G^' defined over a field is called an isogeny when dimG=dimG^'. Two groups G and G^' are then called isogenous if there exists a third group ...

A symmetry group is a group of symmetry-preserving operations, i.e., rotations, reflections, and inversions (Arfken 1985, p. 245).

The positive integers 1, 2, 3, ..., equivalent to N.

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Probability and Statistics