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A periodic matrix with period 1, so that A^2=A.

A set of graph vertices A of a graph with graph edges V is independent if it contains no graph edges.

A polynomial that represents integers for all integer values of the variables. An integer polynomial is a special case of such a polynomial. In general, every integer ...

Given a geodesic triangle (a triangle formed by the arcs of three geodesics on a smooth surface), int_(ABC)Kda=A+B+C-pi. Given the Euler characteristic chi, intintKda=2pichi, ...

A definition of a set by mentioning a defining property.

The use of three prior points in a root-finding algorithm to estimate the zero crossing.

A linear transformation of period two. Since a linear transformation has the form, lambda^'=(alphalambda+beta)/(gammalambda+delta), (1) applying the transformation a second ...

The Jacobian of a linear net of curves of order n is a curve of order 3(n-1). It passes through all points common to all curves of the net. It is the locus of points where ...

A special ideal in a commutative ring R. The Jacobson radical is the intersection of the maximal ideals in R. It could be the zero ideal, as in the case of the integers.

The symbol defined by c^(a/b) = c(c+b)(c+2b)...[c+(a-1)b] (1) = b^a(c/b)_a (2) = (b^aGamma(a+c/b))/(Gamma(c/b)), (3) where (a)_n is the Pochhammer symbol and Gamma(z) is the ...