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If theta is a given irrational number, then the sequence of numbers {ntheta}, where {x}=x-|_x_|, is dense in the unit interval. Explicitly, given any alpha, 0<=alpha<=1, and ...

Kummer's first formula is (1) where _2F_1(a,b;c;z) is the hypergeometric function with m!=-1/2, -1, -3/2, ..., and Gamma(z) is the gamma function. The identity can be written ...

The l^2-norm (also written "l^2-norm") |x| is a vector norm defined for a complex vector x=[x_1; x_2; |; x_n] (1) by |x|=sqrt(sum_(k=1)^n|x_k|^2), (2) where |x_k| on the ...

On a measure space X, the set of square integrable L2-functions is an L^2-space. Taken together with the L2-inner product with respect to a measure mu, <f,g>=int_Xfgdmu (1) ...

An equation proposed by Lambert (1758) and studied by Euler in 1779. x^alpha-x^beta=(alpha-beta)vx^(alpha+beta). (1) When alpha->beta, the equation becomes lnx=vx^beta, (2) ...

The ordinary differential equation (1) (Byerly 1959, p. 255). The solution is denoted E_m^p(x) and is known as an ellipsoidal harmonic of the first kind, or Lamé function. ...

In conical coordinates, Laplace's equation can be written ...

In toroidal coordinates, Laplace's equation becomes (1) Attempt separation of variables by plugging in the trial solution f(u,v,phi)=sqrt(coshu-cosv)U(u)V(v)Psi(psi), (2) ...

Lattice theory is the study of sets of objects known as lattices. It is an outgrowth of the study of Boolean algebras, and provides a framework for unifying the study of ...

Leakage, more explicitly called spectral leakage, is a smearing of power across a frequency spectrum that occurs when the signal being measured is not periodic in the sample ...