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A square root of x is a number r such that r^2=x. When written in the form x^(1/2) or especially sqrt(x), the square root of x may also be called the radical or surd. The ...

Let b(k) be the number of 1s in the binary expression of k, i.e., the binary digit count of 1, giving 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 3, 1, 2, 2, 3, ... (OEIS A000120) for k=1, 2, .... ...

A centered polygonal number consisting of a central dot with five dots around it, and then additional dots in the gaps between adjacent dots. The general term is ...

The winding number W(theta) of a map f(theta) with initial value theta is defined by W(theta)=lim_(n->infty)(f^n(theta)-theta)/n, which represents the average increase in the ...

A method for generating random (pseudorandom) numbers using the linear recurrence relation X_(n+1)=aX_n+c (mod m), where a and c must assume certain fixed values, m is some ...

Hoffman (1998, p. 90) calls the sum of the exponents in the prime factorization of a number its roundness. The first few values for n=1, 2, ... are 0, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3, 2, ...

Given a set P with |P|=p elements consisting of c_1 numbers 1, c_2 numbers 2, ..., and c_n numbers n and c_1+c_2+...+c_n=p, find the number of permutations with k-1 rises ...

Every even number is the difference of two consecutive primes in infinitely many ways (Dickson 2005, p. 424). If true, taking the difference 2, this conjecture implies that ...

A "visual representation" number which is a sum of some simple function of its digits. For example, 1233 = 12^2+33^2 (1) 2661653 = 1653^2-266^2 (2) 221859 = 22^3+18^3+59^3 ...

A generic word for a very large number. The term has no well-defined mathematical meaning. Conway and Guy (1996) define the nth zillion as 10^(3n+3) in the American system ...