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A relation "<=" is called a preorder (or quasiorder) on a set S if it satisfies: 1. Reflexivity: a<=a for all a in S. 2. Transitivity: a<=b and b<=c implies a<=c. A preorder ...

A primary ideal is an ideal I such that if ab in I, then either a in I or b^m in I for some m>0. Prime ideals are always primary. A primary decomposition expresses any ideal ...

Let pi be a unitary representation of a group G on a separable Hilbert space, and let R(pi) be the smallest weakly closed algebra of bounded linear operators containing all ...

A ring for which the product of any pair of ideals is zero only if one of the two ideals is zero. All simple rings are prime.

An ideal I of a ring R is called principal if there is an element a of R such that I=aR={ar:r in R}. In other words, the ideal is generated by the element a. For example, the ...

The projective general linear group PGL_n(q) is the group obtained from the general linear group GL_n(q) on factoring by the scalar matrices contained in that group.

The projective general orthogonal group PGO_n(q) is the group obtained from the general orthogonal group GO_n(q) on factoring the scalar matrices contained in that group.

The projective general unitary group PGU_n(q) is the group obtained from the general unitary group GU_n(q) on factoring the scalar matrices contained in that group.

The projective symplectic group PSp_n(q) is the group obtained from the symplectic group Sp_n(q) on factoring by the scalar matrices contained in that group. PSp_(2m)(q) is ...

A proper subgroup is a proper subset H of group elements of a group G that satisfies the four group requirements. "H is a proper subgroup of G" is written H subset G. The ...