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A multiway system is a kind of substitution system in which multiple states are permitted at any stage. This accommodates rule systems in which there is more than one ...

The problem in calculus of variations to find the minimal surface of a boundary with specified constraints (usually having no singularities on the surface). In general, there ...

A polyhedron compound is an arrangement of a number of interpenetrating polyhedra, either all the same or of several distinct types, usually having visually attractive ...

For some authors (e.g., Bourbaki, 1964), the same as principal ideal domain. Most authors, however, do not require the ring to be an integral domain, and define a principal ...

A pseudoperfect number, sometimes also called a semiperfect number (Benkoski 1972, Butske et al. 1999), is a positive integer such as 20=1+4+5+10 which is the sum of some (or ...

The term "similarity transformation" is used either to refer to a geometric similarity, or to a matrix transformation that results in a similarity. A similarity ...

Simpson's rule is a Newton-Cotes formula for approximating the integral of a function f using quadratic polynomials (i.e., parabolic arcs instead of the straight line ...

One or both of the square bracket symbols [ and ] are used in many different contexts in mathematics. 1. Square brackets are occasionally used in especially complex ...

The uniformity conjecture postulates a relationship between the syntactic length of expressions built up from the natural numbers using field operations, exponentials, and ...

A simple graph, also called a strict graph (Tutte 1998, p. 2), is an unweighted, undirected graph containing no graph loops or multiple edges (Gibbons 1985, p. 2; West 2000, ...