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The cosine function cosx is one of the basic functions encountered in trigonometry (the others being the cosecant, cotangent, secant, sine, and tangent). Let theta be an ...

A formula for numerical solution of differential equations, (1) where k_1 = hf(x_n,y_n) (2) k_2 = hf(x_n+1/2h,y_n+1/2k_1) (3) k_3 = ...

The Gauss-Bonnet formula has several formulations. The simplest one expresses the total Gaussian curvature of an embedded triangle in terms of the total geodesic curvature of ...

Consider the average length of a line segment determined by two points picked at random in the interior of an arbitrary triangle Delta(a,b,c) with side lengths a, b, and c. ...

Construction of the angle pi/3=60 degrees produces a 30-60-90 triangle, which has angles theta=pi/3 and theta/2=pi/6. From the above diagram, write y=sintheta for the ...

Construction of the angle pi/6=30 degrees produces a 30-60-90 triangle, which has angles theta=pi/6 and 2theta=pi/3. From the above diagram, write y=sintheta for the vertical ...

The Lagrange interpolating polynomial is the polynomial P(x) of degree <=(n-1) that passes through the n points (x_1,y_1=f(x_1)), (x_2,y_2=f(x_2)), ..., (x_n,y_n=f(x_n)), and ...

The cut elimination theorem, also called the "Hauptsatz" (Gentzen 1969), states that every sequent calculus derivation can be transformed into another derivation with the ...

The series for the inverse tangent, tan^(-1)x=x-1/3x^3+1/5x^5+.... Plugging in x=1 gives Gregory's formula 1/4pi=1-1/3+1/5-1/7+1/9-.... This series is intimately connected ...

Let A be a relational system, and let L be a language which is appropriate for A. Let phi be a well-formed formula of L, and let s be a valuation in A. Then A|=_sphi is ...