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The ratio X_1/X_2 of uniform variates X_1 and X_2 on the interval [0,1] can be found directly as P_(X_1/X_2)(u) = int_0^1int_0^1delta((x_1)/(x_2)-u)dx_1dx_2 (1) = ...

A function is said to be piecewise constant if it is locally constant in connected regions separated by a possibly infinite number of lower-dimensional boundaries. The ...

Let the multiples m, 2m, ..., [(p-1)/2]m of an integer such that pm be taken. If there are an even number r of least positive residues mod p of these numbers >p/2, then m is ...

A Hessenberg decomposition is a matrix decomposition of a matrix A into a unitary matrix P and a Hessenberg matrix H such that PHP^(H)=A, where P^(H) denotes the conjugate ...

A stochastic approximation method that functions by placing conditions on iterative step sizes and whose convergence is guaranteed under mild conditions. However, the method ...

Squarefree factorization is a first step in many factoring algorithms. It factors nonsquarefree polynomials in terms of squarefree factors that are relatively prime. It can ...

Term rewriting systems are reduction systems in which rewrite rules apply to terms. Terms are built up from variables and constants using function symbols (or operations). ...

A continuous-time stochastic process W(t) for t>=0 with W(0)=0 and such that the increment W(t)-W(s) is Gaussian with mean 0 and variance t-s for any 0<=s<t, and increments ...

A uniform distribution, sometimes also known as a rectangular distribution, is a distribution that has constant probability. The probability density function and cumulative ...

The Walsh functions consist of trains of square pulses (with the allowed states being -1 and 1) such that transitions may only occur at fixed intervals of a unit time step, ...