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A path in a graph G is a subgraph of G that is a path graph (West 2000, p. 20). The length of a path is the number of edges it contains. In most contexts, a path must contain ...

A hyperbola (plural "hyperbolas"; Gray 1997, p. 45) is a conic section defined as the locus of all points P in the plane the difference of whose distances r_1=F_1P and ...

A Turing machine is a theoretical computing machine invented by Alan Turing (1937) to serve as an idealized model for mathematical calculation. A Turing machine consists of a ...

A Turing machine which, by appropriate programming using a finite length of input tape, can act as any Turing machine whatsoever. In his seminal paper, Turing himself gave ...

A map projection. The inverse equations for phi are computed by iteration. Let the angle of the projection plane be theta_b. Define a={0 for theta_b=1/2pi; ...

A transformation from one reference frame to another moving with a constant velocity v with respect to the first for classical motion. However, special relativity shows that ...

A number t_x=tan^(-1)(1/x)=cot^(-1)x, where x is an integer or rational number, tan^(-1)x is the inverse tangent, and cot^(-1)x is the inverse cotangent. Gregory numbers ...

A polynomial admitting a multiplicative inverse. In the polynomial ring R[x], where R is an integral domain, the invertible polynomials are precisely the constant polynomials ...

Little-omega notation is the inverse of the Landau symbol o, i.e., f(n) in o(phi(n)) <==> phi(n) in omega(f(n)).

The number of "arrangements" in an ordering of n items is given by either a combination (order is ignored) or a permutation (order is significant). An ordering (or order) is ...