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An element a of a ring which is nonzero, not a unit, and whose only divisors are the trivial ones (i.e., the units and the products ua, where u is a unit). Equivalently, an ...

In an exterior algebra ^ V, a top-dimensional form has degree n where n=dimV. Any form of higher degree must be zero. For example, if V=R^4 then alpha=e_1 ^ e_2 ^ e_3 ^ e_4 ...

Pre-Calculus

A class of illusion in which an object which is physically unrealizable is apparently depicted. More than 100 papers have been written about impossible figures (Kulpa 1987), ...

A description of an object by properties that are different from those mentioned in its definition, but are equivalent to them. The following list gives a number of examples. ...

A group whose group operation is identified with multiplication. As with normal multiplication, the multiplication operation on group elements is either denoted by a raised ...

A group G is a finite or infinite set of elements together with a binary operation (called the group operation) that together satisfy the four fundamental properties of ...

An aperiodic tiling is a non-periodic tiling in which arbitrarily large periodic patches do not occur. A set of tiles is said to be aperiodic if they can form only ...

A two-component complex column vector. Spinors can describe both bosons and fermions, while tensors can describe only bosons.

A cubic map is three-colorable iff each interior region is bounded by an even number of regions. A non-cubic map bounded by an even number of regions is not necessarily ...