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A generalization of calculus of variations which draws the relationship between the stationary points of a smooth real-valued function on a manifold and the global topology ...

A word is said to be overlapfree if it has no subwords of the form xyxyx. A squarefree word is overlapfree, and an overlapfree word is cubefree. The numbers t(n) of binary ...

The parity of an integer is its attribute of being even or odd. Thus, it can be said that 6 and 14 have the same parity (since both are even), whereas 7 and 12 have opposite ...

The Pell-Lucas numbers are the V_ns in the Lucas sequence with P=2 and Q=-1, and correspond to the Pell-Lucas polynomial Q_n(1). The Pell-Lucas number Q_n is equal to ...

The sequence of Fibonacci numbers {F_n} is periodic modulo any modulus m (Wall 1960), and the period (mod m) is the known as the Pisano period pi(m) (Wrench 1969). For m=1, ...

A quotient-difference table is a triangular array of numbers constructed by drawing a sequence of n numbers in a horizontal row and placing a 1 above each. An additional "1" ...

Self-recursion is a recursion that is defined in terms of itself, resulting in an ill-defined infinite regress. The formula for the volume of a cylinder leads to the ...

A diagram lemma which states that the above commutative diagram of Abelian groups and group homomorphisms with exact rows gives rise to an exact sequence This commutative ...

A solid of revolution is a solid enclosing the surface of revolution obtained by rotating a 1-dimensional curve, line, etc. about an axis. A portion of a solid of revolution ...

Stanley's theorem states that the total number of 1s that occur among all unordered partitions of a positive integer is equal to the sum of the numbers of distinct members of ...