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The first of several addends, or "the one to which the others are added," is sometimes called the augend. Therefore, while a, b, and c are addends in a+b+c, a is the augend.

The geometric mean is smaller than the arithmetic mean, (product_(i=1)^Nn_i)^(1/N)<=(sum_(i=1)^(N)n_i)/N, with equality in the cases (1) N=1 or (2) n_i=n_j for all i,j.

The number q in a fraction p/q.

The difference of two numbers n_1 and n_2 is n_1-n_2, where the minus sign denotes subtraction.

Two quantities y and x are said to be directly proportional, proportional, or "in direct proportion" if y is given by a constant multiple of x, i.e., y=cx for c a constant. ...

When ac is divisible by a number b that is relatively prime to a, then c must be divisible by b.

Two quantities y and x are said to be inversely proportional (or "in inverse proportion") if y is given by a constant multiple of 1/x, i.e., y=c/x for c a constant. This ...

A quantity from which another (the subtrahend) is subtracted.

A mathematical object S is said to be multiplicatively closed if a,b in S implies that ab in S.

A quantity which is either 0 (zero) or positive, i.e., >=0.