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There exists a total computable predicate P such that for any algorithm computing P(x) with running time T(x), there exists another algorithm computing P(x) with computation ...

Chinese checkers is a game roughly analogous to checkers played on a board in the shape of a centered hexagram. The board has a total of S_5=121 holes, where S_n is a star ...

A zero-sum game is a game in which players make payments only to each other. In such a game, one player's loss is the other player's gain, so the total amount of "money" ...

A game played with two dice. If the total is 7 or 11 (a "natural"), the thrower wins and retains the dice for another throw. If the total is 2, 3, or 12 ("craps"), the ...

The conjugate gradient method is an algorithm for finding the nearest local minimum of a function of n variables which presupposes that the gradient of the function can be ...

Definitions about a set which depend on the entire set.

An extremum is a maximum or minimum. An extremum may be local (a.k.a. a relative extremum; an extremum in a given region which is not the overall maximum or minimum) or ...

Suppose f(x) is continuous at a stationary point x_0. 1. If f^'(x)>0 on an open interval extending left from x_0 and f^'(x)<0 on an open interval extending right from x_0, ...

A cycle of a graph G, also called a circuit if the first vertex is not specified, is a subset of the edge set of G that forms a path such that the first node of the path ...

A global extremum, also known as an absolute extremum, is a global minimum or global maximum. It is impossible to construct an algorithm that will find a global extremum for ...