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The square root method is an algorithm which solves the matrix equation Au=g (1) for u, with A a p×p symmetric matrix and g a given vector. Convert A to a triangular matrix ...

The kth power of a graph G is a graph with the same set of vertices as G and an edge between two vertices iff there is a path of length at most k between them (Skiena 1990, ...

The Randić index of a graph is defined as half the sum of the matrix elements of its Randić matrix. While the index was introduced to model the branching of the carbon-atom ...

The Sherman-Morrison formula is a formula that allows a perturbed matrix to be computed for a change to a given matrix A. If the change can be written in the form u tensor v ...

Two square matrices A and B that are related by B=X^(-1)AX, (1) where X is a square nonsingular matrix are said to be similar. A transformation of the form X^(-1)AX is called ...

Two or more functions, equations, or vectors f_1, f_2, ..., which are not linearly dependent, i.e., cannot be expressed in the form a_1f_1+a_2f_2+...+a_nf_n=0 with a_1, a_2, ...

Proved in 1933. If q is an odd prime or q=0 and n is any positive integer, then there is a Hadamard matrix of order m=2^e(q^n+1), where e is any positive integer such that ...

A shortest path between two vertices of a graph is a graph path of shortest possible length between them. Such paths are also known as graph geodesics, and the matrix giving ...

Two matrices A and B which satisfy AB=BA (1) under matrix multiplication are said to be commuting. In general, matrix multiplication is not commutative. Furthermore, in ...

For every dimension n>0, the orthogonal group O(n) is the group of n×n orthogonal matrices. These matrices form a group because they are closed under multiplication and ...