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The Euler numbers, also called the secant numbers or zig numbers, are defined for |x|<pi/2 by sechx-1=-(E_1^*x^2)/(2!)+(E_2^*x^4)/(4!)-(E_3^*x^6)/(6!)+... (1) ...

A Gröbner basis G for a system of polynomials A is an equivalence system that possesses useful properties, for example, that another polynomial f is a combination of those in ...

As proposed by Hosoya (1971), the Hosoya index (also called Z-index) of a graph is defined by Z = sum_(k=0)^(n)|a_k| (1) = sum_(k=0)^(n)b_k, (2) where n is the number of ...

A quadratic equation is a second-order polynomial equation in a single variable x ax^2+bx+c=0, (1) with a!=0. Because it is a second-order polynomial equation, the ...

The adjacency list representation of a graph consists of n lists one for each vertex v_i, 1<=i<=n, which gives the vertices to which v_i is adjacent. The adjacency lists of a ...

An algebraic manifold is another name for a smooth algebraic variety. It can be covered by coordinate charts so that the transition functions are given by rational functions. ...

Let M^n be a compact n-dimensional oriented Riemannian manifold without boundary, let O be a group representation of pi_1(M) by orthogonal matrices, and let E(O) be the ...

Define an antipode of a given graph vertex v_i as a vertex v_j at greatest possible graph distance from v_i. Then an antipodal graph is a connected graph in which each vertex ...

The best known example of an Anosov diffeomorphism. It is given by the transformation [x_(n+1); y_(n+1)]=[1 1; 1 2][x_n; y_n], (1) where x_(n+1) and y_(n+1) are computed mod ...

Given a principal bundle pi:A->M, with fiber a Lie group G and base manifold M, and a group representation of G, say phi:G×V->V, then the associated vector bundle is ...