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The energy of a graph is defined as the sum of the absolute values of its graph eigenvalues (i.e., the sum of its graph spectrum terms). Other varieties of graph energy are ...

Relaxation methods are methods of solving partial differential equations that involve splitting the sparse matrix that arises from finite differencing then iterating until a ...

A convex polyhedron can be defined algebraically as the set of solutions to a system of linear inequalities mx<=b, where m is a real s×3 matrix and b is a real s-vector. ...

Given a point P, the pedal triangle of P is the triangle whose polygon vertices are the feet of the perpendiculars from P to the side lines. The pedal triangle of a triangle ...

A simple directed graph is a directed graph having no multiple edges or graph loops (corresponding to a binary adjacency matrix with 0s on the diagonal). The number of simple ...

A symmetric bilinear form on a vector space V is a bilinear function Q:V×V->R (1) which satisfies Q(v,w)=Q(w,v). For example, if A is a n×n symmetric matrix, then ...

A line segment joining the midpoints of opposite sides of a quadrilateral or tetrahedron. Varignon's theorem states that the bimedians of a quadrilateral bisect each other ...

Relates invariants of a curve defined over the integers. If this inequality were proven true, then Fermat's last theorem would follow for sufficiently large exponents. ...

A Carmichael number is an odd composite number n which satisfies Fermat's little theorem a^(n-1)-1=0 (mod n) (1) for every choice of a satisfying (a,n)=1 (i.e., a and n are ...

There are many unsolved problems in mathematics. Some prominent outstanding unsolved problems (as well as some which are not necessarily so well known) include 1. The ...