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The all-pairs shortest path problem is the determination of the shortest graph distances between every pair of vertices in a given graph. The problem can be solved using n ...

Consider the characteristic equation |lambdaI-A|=lambda^n+b_1lambda^(n-1)+...+b_(n-1)lambda+b_n=0 (1) determining the n eigenvalues lambda of a real n×n square matrix A, ...

A p-variate multivariate normal distribution (also called a multinormal distribution) is a generalization of the bivariate normal distribution. The p-multivariate ...

If x is a member of a set A, then x is said to be an element of A, written x in A. If x is not an element of A, this is written x not in A. The term element also refers to a ...

A representation phi of a group G is faithful if it is one-to-one, i.e., if phi(g)=phi(h) implies g=h for g,h in G. Equivalently, phi is faithful if phi(g)=I_n implies g=e, ...

The graph difference of graphs G and H is the graph with adjacency matrix given by the difference of adjacency matrices of G and H. A graph difference is defined when the ...

A tensor-like object which reverses sign under inversion. Given a transformation matrix A, A_(ij)^'=det|A|a_(ik)a_(jl)A_(kl), where det is the determinant. A pseudotensor is ...

The Jacobi method is a method of solving a matrix equation on a matrix that has no zeros along its main diagonal (Bronshtein and Semendyayev 1997, p. 892). Each diagonal ...

In general, there is no unique matrix solution A to the matrix equation y=Ax. Even in the case of y parallel to x, there are still multiple matrices that perform this ...

An affine transformation in which the scale is reduced.