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A branch cut is a curve (with ends possibly open, closed, or half-open) in the complex plane across which an analytic multivalued function is discontinuous. For convenience, ...

The cosine function cosx is one of the basic functions encountered in trigonometry (the others being the cosecant, cotangent, secant, sine, and tangent). Let theta be an ...

The n-hypersphere (often simply called the n-sphere) is a generalization of the circle (called by geometers the 2-sphere) and usual sphere (called by geometers the 3-sphere) ...

Let lambda_(m,n) be Chebyshev constants. Schönhage (1973) proved that lim_(n->infty)(lambda_(0,n))^(1/n)=1/3. (1) It was conjectured that the number ...

A periodic continued fraction is a continued fraction (generally a regular continued fraction) whose terms eventually repeat from some point onwards. The minimal number of ...

Pythagoras's constant sqrt(2) has decimal expansion sqrt(2)=1.4142135623... (OEIS A000129), It was computed to 2000000000050 decimal digits by A. J. Yee on Feb. 9, 2012. The ...

A quartic equation is a fourth-order polynomial equation of the form z^4+a_3z^3+a_2z^2+a_1z+a_0=0. (1) While some authors (Beyer 1987b, p. 34) use the term "biquadratic ...

If Li_2(x) denotes the usual dilogarithm, then there are two variants that are normalized slightly differently, both called the Rogers L-function (Rogers 1907). Bytsko (1999) ...

A sultan has granted a commoner a chance to marry one of his n daughters. The commoner will be presented with the daughters one at a time and, when each daughter is ...

A surface of revolution is a surface generated by rotating a two-dimensional curve about an axis. The resulting surface therefore always has azimuthal symmetry. Examples of ...