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Given a square complex or real matrix A, a matrix norm ||A|| is a nonnegative number associated with A having the properties 1. ||A||>0 when A!=0 and ||A||=0 iff A=0, 2. ...

Consider the Fibonacci-like recurrence a_n=+/-a_(n-1)+/-a_(n-2), (1) where a_0=0, a_1=1, and each sign is chosen independently and at random with probability 1/2. ...

An antimagic square is an n×n array of integers from 1 to n^2 such that each row, column, and main diagonal produces a different sum such that these sums form a sequence of ...

The Cayley-Purser algorithm is a public-key cryptography algorithm that relies on the fact that matrix multiplication is not commutative. It was devised by Sarah Flannery ...

The underlying set of the fundamental group of X is the set of based homotopy classes from the circle to X, denoted [S^1,X]. For general spaces X and Y, there is no natural ...

If r experiments are performed with n_i possible outcomes for each experiment i=1,2,...,r, then there are a total of product_(i=1)^(r)n_i possible outcomes.

Two nonisomorphic graphs can share the same graph spectrum, i.e., have the same eigenvalues of their adjacency matrices. Such graphs are called cospectral. For example, the ...

The finite group C_2×C_2 is one of the two distinct groups of group order 4. The name of this group derives from the fact that it is a group direct product of two C_2 ...

A topological space in which every point has a countable neighborhood system base for its neighborhood system.

A database accessed by one or more hash functions.