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Let a tree S be a subgraph of a cubic graph G. The graph excision G circleminus S is the graph resulting from removing the tree, then merging the edges. For example, if in ...

In general, a graph product of two graphs G and H is a new graph whose vertex set is V(G)×V(H) and where, for any two vertices (g,h) and (g^',h^') in the product, the ...

Define the sequence a_0=1, a_1=x, and a_n=(a_(n-2))/(1+a_(n-1)) (1) for n>=0. The first few values are a_2 = 1/(1+x) (2) a_3 = (x(1+x))/(2+x) (3) a_4 = ...

The Gudermannian function is the odd function denoted either gamma(x) or gd(x) which arises in the inverse equations for the Mercator projection. phi(y)=gd(y) expresses the ...

Guilloché patterns are spirograph-like curves that frame a curve within an inner and outer envelope curve. They are used on banknotes, securities, and passports worldwide for ...

A map u:M->N, between two compact Riemannian manifolds, is a harmonic map if it is a critical point for the energy functional int_M|du|^2dmu_M. The norm of the differential ...

The plane figure formed by a sequence of circles C_1, C_2, C_3, ... that are all tangent to each other at the same point and such that the sequence of radii converges to ...

An important result in valuation theory which gives information on finding roots of polynomials. Hensel's lemma is formally stated as follows. Let (K,|·|) be a complete ...

A heptahedral graph is a polyhedral graph on seven nodes. There are 34 nonisomorphic heptahedral graphs, as first enumerated by Kirkman (1862-1863) and Hermes (1899ab, 1900, ...

A hexagon tiling is a tiling of the plane by identical hexagons. The regular hexagon forms a regular tessellation, also called a hexagonal grid, illustrated above. There are ...