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Connectivity properties obey the following hierarchy: convex => star convex => pathwise-connected => connected.

A function y=f(x) has critical points at all points x_0 where f^'(x_0)=0 or f(x) is not differentiable. A function z=f(x,y) has critical points where the gradient del f=0 or ...

A decagon is a ten-sided polygon. Several special types of decagons are illustrated above. In particular, a decagon with vertices equally spaced around a circle and with all ...

The diameter of a circle is the distance from a point on the circle to a point pi radians away, and is the maximum distance from one point on a circle to another. The ...

A dodecagon is a 12-sided polygon. Several special types of dodecagons are illustrated above. In particular, a dodecagon with vertices equally spaced around a circle and with ...

A hendecagon is an 11-sided polygon, also variously known as an undecagon or unidecagon. The term "hendecagon" is preferable to the other two since it uses the Greek prefix ...

A heptagon is a seven-sided polygon. It is also sometimes called a septagon, though this usage mixes a Latin prefix sept- (derived from septua-, meaning "seven") with the ...

Two events A and B are called independent if their probabilities satisfy P(AB)=P(A)P(B) (Papoulis 1984, p. 40).

Isomorphism is a very general concept that appears in several areas of mathematics. The word derives from the Greek iso, meaning "equal," and morphosis, meaning "to form" or ...

The nonagon, also known as an enneagon, is a 9-sided polygon. Although the term "enneagon" is perhaps preferable (since it uses the Greek prefix and suffix instead of the ...