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In common usage, a cardinal number is a number used in counting (a counting number), such as 1, 2, 3, .... In formal set theory, a cardinal number (also called "the ...

The curve a hanging flexible wire or chain assumes when supported at its ends and acted upon by a uniform gravitational force. The word catenary is derived from the Latin ...

The chromatic number of a graph G is the smallest number of colors needed to color the vertices of G so that no two adjacent vertices share the same color (Skiena 1990, p. ...

A commutative diagram is a collection of maps A_i-->^(phi_i)B_i in which all map compositions starting from the same set A and ending with the same set B give the same ...

The convex hull of a set of points S in n dimensions is the intersection of all convex sets containing S. For N points p_1, ..., p_N, the convex hull C is then given by the ...

Conway games were introduced by J. H. Conway in 1976 to provide a formal structure for analyzing games satisfying certain requirements: 1. There are two players, Left and ...

Cylindrical coordinates are a generalization of two-dimensional polar coordinates to three dimensions by superposing a height (z) axis. Unfortunately, there are a number of ...

A derangement is a permutation in which none of the objects appear in their "natural" (i.e., ordered) place. For example, the only derangements of {1,2,3} are {2,3,1} and ...

In general, an integer n is divisible by d iff the digit sum s_(d+1)(n) is divisible by d. Write a positive decimal integer a out digit by digit in the form ...

The general ellipsoid, also called a triaxial ellipsoid, is a quadratic surface which is given in Cartesian coordinates by (x^2)/(a^2)+(y^2)/(b^2)+(z^2)/(c^2)=1, (1) where ...