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An algorithm is said to be solvable in polynomial time if the number of steps required to complete the algorithm for a given input is O(n^k) for some nonnegative integer k, ...

A general set of methods for integrating ordinary differential equations. Predictor-corrector methods proceed by extrapolating a polynomial fit to the derivative from the ...

A number satisfying Fermat's little theorem (or some other primality test) for some nontrivial base. A probable prime which is shown to be composite is called a pseudoprime ...

The term "product" refers to the result of one or more multiplications. For example, the mathematical statement a×b=c would be read "a times b equals c," where a is called ...

The projective plane crossing number of a graph is the minimal number of crossings with which the graph can be drawn on the real projective plane. A graph with projective ...

The path traced out by a fixed point at a radius b>a, where a is the radius of a rolling circle, also sometimes called an extended cycloid. The prolate cycloid contains ...

"Q.E.D." (sometimes written "QED") is an abbreviation for the Latin phrase "quod erat demonstrandum" ("that which was to be demonstrated"), a notation which is often placed ...

A quartic nonhamiltonian graph is a quartic graph that is nonhamiltonian. A number of such graphs are illustrated above. Van Cleemput and Zamfirescu (2018) gave a 39-vertex ...

A technical conjecture which connects algebraic K-theory to étale cohomology. The conjecture was made more precise by Dwyer and Friedlander (1982). Thomason (1985) ...

A Gaussian quadrature-like formula for numerical estimation of integrals. It requires m+1 points and fits all polynomials to degree 2m, so it effectively fits exactly all ...