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The modulus of a complex number z, also called the complex norm, is denoted |z| and defined by |x+iy|=sqrt(x^2+y^2). (1) If z is expressed as a complex exponential (i.e., a ...

A general mathematical property obeyed by mathematical objects in which all elements are within a neighborhood of nearby points. The continuous maps between topological ...

y approx m+sigmaw, (1) where w = (2) where h_1(x) = 1/6He_2(x) (3) h_2(x) = 1/(24)He_3(x) (4) h_(11)(x) = -1/(36)[2He_3(x)+He_1(x)] (5) h_3(x) = 1/(120)He_4(x) (6) h_(12)(x) ...

The Császár polyhedron is a polyhedron that is topologically equivalent to a torus which was discovered in the late 1940s by Ákos Császár (Gardner 1975). It has 7 polyhedron ...

The Earth-Moon problem is a special case of the empire problem for countries with m=2 disjoint regions, with one region of each country lying on the Earth and one on the Moon ...

In mathematics, a small positive infinitesimal quantity, usually denoted epsilon or epsilon, whose limit is usually taken as epsilon->0. The late mathematician P. Erdős also ...

(1) for p in [0,1], where delta is the central difference and E_(2n) = G_(2n)-G_(2n+1) (2) = B_(2n)-B_(2n+1) (3) F_(2n) = G_(2n+1) (4) = B_(2n)+B_(2n+1), (5) where G_k are ...

A fallacy is an incorrect result arrived at by apparently correct, though actually specious reasoning. The great Greek geometer Euclid wrote an entire book on geometric ...

An object created by folding a piece of paper along certain lines to form loops. The number of states possible in an n-flexagon is a Catalan number. By manipulating the ...

Also called the Tait flyping conjecture. Given two reduced alternating projections of the same knot, they are equivalent on the sphere iff they are related by a series of ...