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Let a spherical triangle Delta have angles A, B, and C. Then the spherical excess is given by Delta=A+B+C-pi.

An n-mark Golomb ruler is a set of n distinct nonnegative integers (a_1,a_2,...,a_n), called "marks," such that the positive differences |a_i-a_j|, computed over all possible ...

Two distinct knots cannot have the same exterior. Or, equivalently, a knot is completely determined by its knot exterior (Cipra 1988; Adams 1994, p. 261). The question was ...

Let S be a nonempty set of real numbers that has a lower bound. A number c is the called the greatest lower bound (or the infimum, denoted infS) for S iff it satisfies the ...

Grelling's paradox, also known as the Grelling-Nelson paradox or heterological paradox, is a semantic paradox that arises by defining "heterological" to mean "a word which ...

In the original formulation, a quantity associated with ideal class groups. According to Chevalley's formulation, a Grössencharakter is a multiplicative character of the ...

Hackenbush is a game in combinatorial game theory in which player Left can delete any bLue edge, player Right can delete any Red edge, and either player can delete Green ...

A linear functional defined on a subspace of a vector space V and which is dominated by a sublinear function defined on V has a linear extension which is also dominated by ...

Sequences of integers generated in the Collatz problem. For example, for a starting number of 7, the sequence is 7, 22, 11, 34, 17, 52, 26, 13, 40, 20, 10, 5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1, ...

In music, if a note has frequency f, integer multiples of that frequency, 2f,3f,4f and so on, are known as harmonics. As a result, the mathematical study of overlapping waves ...