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Given a function f(x)=f_0(x), write f_1=f^'(x) and define the Sturm functions by f_n(x)=-{f_(n-2)(x)-f_(n-1)(x)[(f_(n-2)(x))/(f_(n-1)(x))]}, (1) where [P(x)/Q(x)] is a ...

A surface (or "space") of section, also called a Poincaré section (Rasband 1990, pp. 7 and 93-94), is a way of presenting a trajectory in n-dimensional phase space in an ...

A Thue equation is a Diophantine equation of the form A_nx^n+A_(n-1)x^(n-1)y+A_(n-2)x^(n-2)y^2+...+A_0y^n=M in terms of an irreducible polynomial of degree n>=3 having ...

Let L be a nontrivial bounded lattice (or a complemented lattice, etc.). Then L is a tight lattice if every proper tolerance rho of L satisfies (0,a) in rho=>a=0, and dually ...

Given 2n-1 numbers a_k, where k=-n+1, ..., -1, 0, 1, ..., n-1, a Toeplitz matrix is a matrix which has constant values along negative-sloping diagonals, i.e., a matrix of the ...

A single axiom that is satisfied only by NAND or NOR must be of the form "something equals a," since otherwise constant functions would satisfy the equation. With up to six ...

Wolfram's iteration is an algorithm for computing the square root of a rational number 1<=r<4 using properties of the binary representation of r. The algorithm begins with ...

Dyson (1962abc) conjectured that the constant term in the Laurent series product_(1<=i!=j<=n)(1-(x_i)/(x_j))^(a_i) (1) is the multinomial coefficient ...

The beta function B(p,q) is the name used by Legendre and Whittaker and Watson (1990) for the beta integral (also called the Eulerian integral of the first kind). It is ...

A special function which is given by the logarithmic derivative of the gamma function (or, depending on the definition, the logarithmic derivative of the factorial). Because ...