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A class of processes which attempt to round off a domain and simplify its theory by adjoining elements.

An experiment E(S,F,P) is defined (Papoulis 1984, p. 30) as a mathematical object consisting of the following elements. 1. A set S (the probability space) of elements. 2. A ...

Exponential decay is the decrease in a quantity N according to the law N(t)=N_0e^(-lambdat) (1) for a parameter t and constant lambda (known as the decay constant), where e^x ...

A joint distribution function is a distribution function D(x,y) in two variables defined by D(x,y) = P(X<=x,Y<=y) (1) D_x(x) = lim_(y->infty)D(x,y) (2) D_y(y) = ...

An outcome is a subset of a probability space. Experimental outcomes are not uniquely determined from the description of an experiment, and must be agreed upon to avoid ...

Poisson's theorem gives the estimate (n!)/(k!(n-k)!)p^kq^(n-k)∼e^(-np)((np)^k)/(k!) for the probability of an event occurring k times in n trials with n>>1, p<<1, and np ...

A triple (S,S,P) on the domain S, where (S,S) is a measurable space, S are the measurable subsets of S, and P is a measure on S with P(S)=1.

Given n mutually exclusive events A_1, ..., A_n whose probabilities sum to unity, then P(B)=P(B|A_1)P(A_1)+...+P(B|A_n)P(A_n), where B is an arbitrary event, and P(B|A_i) is ...

In statistics, a trial is a single performance of well-defined experiment (Papoulis 1984, p. 25), such as the flipping of a coin, the generation of a random number, the ...

A d-dimensional discrete percolation model is said to be inhomogeneous if different graph edges (in the case of bond percolation models) or vertices (in the case of site ...