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The Lambert azimuthal equal-area projection is a map projection having transformation equations x = k^'cosphisin(lambda-lambda_0) (1) y = ...

If F(x) is a probability distribution with zero mean and rho=int_(-infty)^infty|x|^3dF(x)<infty, (1) where the above integral is a stieltjes integral, then for all x and n, ...

Differential entropy differs from normal or absolute entropy in that the random variable need not be discrete. Given a continuous random variable X with a probability density ...

One of the beautiful arrangements of circles found at the Temple of Osiris at Abydos, Egypt (Rawles 1997). The pattern also appears in Phoenician art from the 9th century BC ...

A 180 degrees rotation of a tangle. The word "flype" is derived from the old Scottish verb meaning "to turn or fold back." Tait (1898) used this word to indicate a different ...

A commutative diagram is a collection of maps A_i-->^(phi_i)B_i in which all map compositions starting from the same set A and ending with the same set B give the same ...

Caesar's method is an encryption scheme involving shifting an alphabet (so a->c, b->d, c->e, d->f, etc., x->z,y->a,z->b). It is one of the most basic encryption methods, and ...

Let z=x+iy and f(z)=u(x,y)+iv(x,y) on some region G containing the point z_0. If f(z) satisfies the Cauchy-Riemann equations and has continuous first partial derivatives in ...

A subspace A of X is called a deformation retract of X if there is a homotopy F:X×I->X (called a retract) such that for all x in X and a in A, 1. F(x,0)=x, 2. F(x,1) in A, ...

A module over a unit ring R is called divisible if, for all r in R which are not zero divisors, every element m of M can be "divided" by r, in the sense that there is an ...