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The unknot, also called the trivial knot (Rolfsen 1976, p. 51), is a closed loop that is not knotted. In the 1930s Reidemeister first proved that knots exist which are ...

A vertex coloring is an assignment of labels or colors to each vertex of a graph such that no edge connects two identically colored vertices. The most common type of vertex ...

Specifying two angles A and B and a side a opposite A uniquely determines a triangle with area K = (a^2sinBsinC)/(2sinA) (1) = (a^2sinBsin(pi-A-B))/(2sinA). (2) The third ...

A group or other algebraic object is said to be Abelian (sometimes written in lower case, i.e., "abelian") if the law of commutativity always holds. The term is named after ...

An additive category is a category for which the morphism sets have the structure of Abelian groups. It satisfies some, but not all the properties of an Abelian category.

An algebraic identity is a mathematical identity involving algebraic functions. Examples include the Euler four-square identity, Fibonacci identity, Lebesgue identity, and ...

Alpha is the name for the first letter in the Greek alphabet: alpha. In finance, alpha is a financial measure giving the difference between a fund's actual return and its ...

The term "amplitude" is used to refer to the magnitude of an oscillation, so the amplitude of the sinusoid y=Asin(omegat) is |A|, where |A| is the absolute value of A. The ...

The term annihilator is used in several different ways in various aspects of mathematics. It is most commonly used to mean the set of all functions satisfying a given set of ...

A hyperbolic linear map R^n->R^n with integer entries in the transformation matrix and determinant +/-1 is an Anosov diffeomorphism of the n-torus, called an Anosov ...