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Let p be an odd prime, a be a positive number such that pa (i.e., p does not divide a), and let x be one of the numbers 1, 2, 3, ..., p-1. Then there is a unique x^', called ...

The catacaustic of one arch of a cycloid given parametrically as x = t-sint (1) y = 1-cost (2) is a complicated expression for an arbitrary radiant point. For the case of the ...

An integer used to generate a digitaddition. A number can have more than one generator. If a number has no generator, it is called a self number.

A finite, increasing sequence of integers {n_1,...,n_m} such that sum_(i=1)^m1/(n_i)-product_(i=1)^m1/(n_i) in N. A sequence is a Giuga sequence iff it satisfies ...

A one-dimensional transform which makes use of the Haar functions.

Given a commutative unit ring R and an extension ring S, an element s of S is called integral over R if it is one of the roots of a monic polynomial with coefficients in R.

A limb of a tree at a vertex v is the union of one or more branches at v in the tree. v is then called the base of the limb.

A multiple series is a series involving sums over more than one index.

Through any point in the plane, there is at most one straight line parallel to a given straight line. This axiom is equivalent to the parallel postulate.

An algebra in which the associator (x,x,x)=0. The subalgebra generated by one element is associative.