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A linear functional on a real vector space V is a function T:V->R, which satisfies the following properties. 1. T(v+w)=T(v)+T(w), and 2. T(alphav)=alphaT(v). When V is a ...

An expression that is of a given type. For example, all primes p>3 are "of the form" 6n+/-1. The term "of shape" is sometimes also used.

In a space E equipped with a symmetric, differential k-form, or Hermitian form, the orthogonal sum is the direct sum of two subspaces V and W, which are mutually orthogonal. ...

Since (2a)/(a+b)=(2ab)/((a+b)b), (1) it follows that a/((a+b)/2)=((2ab)/(a+b))/b, (2) so a/A=H/b, (3) where A and H are the arithmetic mean and harmonic mean of a and b. This ...

A number s of trials in which the probability of success p_i varies from trial to trial. Let x be the number of successes, then var(x)=spq-ssigma_p^2, (1) where sigma_p^2 is ...

A line segment where two faces of a polyhedron meet, also called a side.

If f(x) is a nonconstant integer polynomial and c is an integer such that f(c) is divisible by the prime p, that p is called a prime divisor of the polynomial f(x) (Nagell ...

The sum of the reciprocals of roots of an equation equals the negative coefficient of the linear term in the Maclaurin series.

A cross also called the tau cross or crux commissa, illustrated schematically above in polyomino form.

Let a, b, and c be the sides of a spherical triangle, then the spherical defect is defined as D=2pi-(a+b+c).