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The word "rank" refers to several related concepts in mathematics involving graphs, groups, matrices, quadratic forms, sequences, set theory, statistics, and tensors. In ...

A quadratic recurrence is a recurrence equation on a sequence of numbers {x_n} expressing x_n as a second-degree polynomial in x_k with k<n. For example, x_n=x_(n-1)x_(n-2) ...

A partially ordered set (or ordered set or poset for short) (L,<=) is called a complete lattice if every subset M of L has a least upper bound (supremum, supM) and a greatest ...

Let X be a set of urelements that contains the set N of natural numbers, and let V(X) be a superstructure whose individuals are in X. Let V(^*X) be an enlargement of V(X), ...

The infimum is the greatest lower bound of a set S, defined as a quantity m such that no member of the set is less than m, but if epsilon is any positive quantity, however ...

The group direct sum of a sequence {G_n}_(n=0)^infty of groups G_n is the set of all sequences {g_n}_(n=0)^infty, where each g_n is an element of G_n, and g_n is equal to the ...

A topological space X is locally compact if every point has a neighborhood which is itself contained in a compact set. Many familiar topological spaces are locally compact, ...

If f is continuous on a closed interval [a,b], and c is any number between f(a) and f(b) inclusive, then there is at least one number x in the closed interval such that ...

Let (X,B,mu) be a measure space and let E be a measurable set with mu(E)<infty. Let {f_n} be a sequence of measurable functions on E such that each f_n is finite almost ...

Let q be a positive integer, then Gamma_0(q) is defined as the set of all matrices [a b; c d] in the modular group Gamma Gamma with c=0 (mod q). Gamma_0(q) is a subgroup of ...