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An element of an extension field of a field F which is not algebraic over F. A transcendental number is a complex number which is transcendental over the field Q of rational ...

The real part R[z] of a complex number z=x+iy is the real number not multiplying i, so R[x+iy]=x. In terms of z itself, R[z]=1/2(z+z^_), where z^_ is the complex conjugate of ...

A variant of the Pollard p-1 method which uses Lucas sequences to achieve rapid factorization if some factor p of N has a decomposition of p+1 in small prime factors.

A flexagon made by folding a strip into adjacent equilateral triangles. The number of states possible in a hexaflexagon is the Catalan number C_5=42.

A pivotal isotomic cubic is a self-isotomic cubic that possesses a pivot point, i.e., in which points P lying on the conic and their isotomic conjugates are collinear with a ...

The radical circle of three given circles is the circle having center at the radical center of the three circles and is orthogonal to all of them. (A circle with center at ...

The third prime number, which is also the second Fermat prime, the third Sophie Germain prime, and Fibonacci number F_4. It is an Eisenstein prime, but not a Gaussian prime, ...

For any real number r>=0, an irrational number alpha can be approximated by infinitely many rational fractions p/q in such a way that ...

Dickson states "In a letter to Tanner [L'intermediaire des math., 2, 1895, 317] Lucas stated that Mersenne (1644, 1647) implied that a necessary and sufficient condition that ...

The maximal independence polynomial I_G(x) for the graph G may be defined as the polynomial I_G(x)=sum_(k=i(G))^(alpha(G))s_kx^k, where i(G) is the lower independence number, ...