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The power series that defines the exponential map e^x also defines a map between matrices. In particular, exp(A) = e^(A) (1) = sum_(n=0)^(infty)(A^n)/(n!) (2) = ...

Newton's method for finding roots of a complex polynomial f entails iterating the function z-[f(z)/f^'(z)], which can be viewed as applying the Euler backward method with ...

If r is an algebraic number of degree n, then the totality of all expressions that can be constructed from r by repeated additions, subtractions, multiplications, and ...

A system of curvilinear coordinates in which two sets of coordinate surfaces are obtained by revolving the curves of the elliptic cylindrical coordinates about the y-axis ...

The osculating circle of a curve C at a given point P is the circle that has the same tangent as C at point P as well as the same curvature. Just as the tangent line is the ...

The pedal curve of the parabola with parametric equations x = at^2 (1) y = 2at (2) with pedal point (x_0,y_0) is x_p = ((x_0-a)t^2+y_0t)/(t^2+1) (3) y_p = ...

The term "parameter" is used in a number of ways in mathematics. In general, mathematical functions may have a number of arguments. Arguments that are typically varied when ...

Partial derivatives are defined as derivatives of a function of multiple variables when all but the variable of interest are held fixed during the differentiation. (1) The ...

Two planes always intersect in a line as long as they are not parallel. Let the planes be specified in Hessian normal form, then the line of intersection must be ...

The positive integers 216 and 12960000 appear in an obscure passage in Plato's The Republic. In this passage, Plato alludes to the fact that 216 is equal to 6^3, where 6 is ...