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Also called Macaulay ring, a Cohen Macaulay ring is a Noetherian commutative unit ring R in which any proper ideal I of height n contains a sequence x_1, ..., x_n of elements ...

In the biconjugate gradient method, the residual vector r^((i)) can be regarded as the product of r^((0)) and an ith degree polynomial in A, i.e., r^((i))=P_i(A)r^((0)). (1) ...

The deltoidal icositetrahedral graph is Archimedean dual graph which is the skeleton of the deltoidal icositetrahedron. It is implemented in the Wolfram Language as ...

The disdyakis dodecahedral graph is Archimedean dual graph which is the skeleton of the disdyakis dodecahedron. It is implemented in the Wolfram Language as ...

The disdyakis triacontahedral graph is Archimedean dual graph which is the skeleton of the disdyakis triacontahedron. It is implemented in the Wolfram Language as ...

Given a unit disk, find the smallest radius r(n) required for n equal disks to completely cover the unit disk. The first few such values are r(1) = 1 (1) r(2) = 1 (2) r(3) = ...

Given a planar graph G, a geometric dual graph and combinatorial dual graph can be defined. Whitney showed that these are equivalent (Harary 1994), so that one may speak of ...

A path in a graph G is a subgraph of G that is a path graph (West 2000, p. 20). The length of a path is the number of edges it contains. In most contexts, a path must contain ...

The Jacobsthal numbers are the numbers obtained by the U_ns in the Lucas sequence with P=1 and Q=-2, corresponding to a=2 and b=-1. They and the Jacobsthal-Lucas numbers (the ...

In mathematics, a knot is defined as a closed, non-self-intersecting curve that is embedded in three dimensions and cannot be untangled to produce a simple loop (i.e., the ...