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A filtration of ideals of a commutative unit ring R is a sequence of ideals ... subset= I_2 subset= I_1 subset= I_0=R, such that I_iI_j subset= I_(i+j) for all indices i,j. ...

The first Morley cubic is the triangle cubic with trilinear equation sum_(cyclic)alpha(beta^2-gamma^2)[cos(1/3A)+2cos(1/3B)cos(1/3C)]. It passes through Kimberling centers ...

A formal power series, sometimes simply called a "formal series" (Wilf 1994), of a field F is an infinite sequence {a_0,a_1,a_2,...} over F. Equivalently, it is a function ...

Given a linear code C, a generator matrix G of C is a matrix whose rows generate all the elements of C, i.e., if G=(g_1 g_2 ... g_k)^(T), then every codeword w of C can be ...

In general, a graph product of two graphs G and H is a new graph whose vertex set is V(G)×V(H) and where, for any two vertices (g,h) and (g^',h^') in the product, the ...

A Hilbert basis for the vector space of square summable sequences (a_n)=a_1, a_2, ... is given by the standard basis e_i, where e_i=delta_(in), with delta_(in) the Kronecker ...

An initial value problem is a problem that has its conditions specified at some time t=t_0. Usually, the problem is an ordinary differential equation or a partial ...

A polynomial that represents integers for all integer values of the variables. An integer polynomial is a special case of such a polynomial. In general, every integer ...

An irreducible fraction is a fraction p/q for which GCD(p,q)=1, i.e., p and q are relatively prime. For example, in the complex plane, (4+7i)/(2+i)=3+2i is reducible, while ...

The Johnson midpoint is the point of concurrence of the line segments joining the vertices of a reference triangle with the centers of a certain set of circles (that resemble ...