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The beautiful arrangement of leaves in some plants, called phyllotaxis, obeys a number of subtle mathematical relationships. For instance, the florets in the head of a ...

A link which has a link diagram with alternating underpasses and overpasses. The proportion of links which are alternating tends exponentially to zero with increasing ...

Gibrat's distribution is a continuous distribution in which the logarithm of a variable x has a normal distribution, P(x)=1/(xsqrt(2pi))e^(-(lnx)^2/2), (1) defined over the ...

An unduloid, also called an onduloid, is a surface of revolution with constant nonzero mean curvature. It is a roulette obtained from the path described by the foci of a ...

An analog of the polyominoes and polyiamonds in which collections of regular hexagons are arranged with adjacent sides. They are also called hexes, hexas, or polyfrobs ...

An automorphism is an isomorphism of a system of objects onto itself. The term derives from the Greek prefix alphaupsilontauomicron (auto) "self" and ...

Let A and B be two algebras over the same signature Sigma, with carriers A and B, respectively (cf. universal algebra). B is a subalgebra of A if B subset= A and every ...

A coordinate system obtained by inversion of the bicyclide coordinates. They are given by the transformation equations x = Lambda/(aUpsilon)snmudnnucospsi (1) y = ...

A statistical distribution for which the variables may take on a continuous range of values. Abramowitz and Stegun (1972, p. 930) give a table of the parameters of most ...

The cyclic group C_8 is one of the three Abelian groups of the five groups total of group order 8. Examples include the integers modulo 8 under addition (Z_8) and the residue ...