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A definite integral is an integral int_a^bf(x)dx (1) with upper and lower limits. If x is restricted to lie on the real line, the definite integral is known as a Riemann ...

Probability is the branch of mathematics that studies the possible outcomes of given events together with the outcomes' relative likelihoods and distributions. In common ...

A uniform distribution of points on the circumference of a circle can be obtained by picking a random real number between 0 and 2pi. Picking random points on a circle is ...

To pick a random point on the surface of a unit sphere, it is incorrect to select spherical coordinates theta and phi from uniform distributions theta in [0,2pi) and phi in ...

A valuation for which |x|<=1 implies |1+x|<=C for the constant C=1 (independent of x). Such a valuation does not satisfy the strong triangle inequality |x+y|<=max(|x|,|y|).

A strong inequality in which a is not only less than b, but much less (by some convention) is denoted a<<b.

A quantity that is nonzero everywhere is said to be nonvanishing. For instance, the values of x^2+1 are nonvanishing for real x, while those of x^2 are not (since x^2 ...

A p-element x of a group G is semisimple if E(C_G(x))!=1, where E(H) is the commuting product of all components of H and C_G(x) is the centralizer of G.

A module over a ring that is contained in and has the same addition as another module over the same ring.

One of the four 3-polyaboloes.