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An integer sequence whose terms are defined in terms of number-related words in some language. For example, the following table gives the sequences of numbers having digits ...

The ratio C of the largest to smallest singular value in the singular value decomposition of a matrix. The base-b logarithm of C is an estimate of how many base-b digits are ...

There are two definitions of the Fermat number. The less common is a number of the form 2^n+1 obtained by setting x=1 in a Fermat polynomial, the first few of which are 3, 5, ...

There are several conflicting meanings associated with the notation lgx. In German and Russian literature, the notation lgx is used to mean the common logarithm log_(10)x. ...

In complex analysis, a branch (also called a sheet) is a portion of the range of a multivalued function over which the function is single-valued. Combining all the sheets ...

The next prime function NP(n) gives the smallest prime larger than n. The function can be given explicitly as NP(n)=p_(1+pi(n)), where p_i is the ith prime and pi(n) is the ...

The previous prime function PP(n) gives the largest prime less than n. The function can be given explicitly as PP(n)=p_(pi(n-1)), where p_i is the ith prime and pi(n) is the ...

An algorithm for finding the nearest local minimum of a function which presupposes that the gradient of the function can be computed. The method of steepest descent, also ...

A set function mu is said to possess finite subadditivity if, given any finite disjoint collection of sets {E_k}_(k=1)^n on which mu is defined, mu( union ...

Let U subset= C be a domain, and let f be an analytic function on U. Then if there is a point z_0 in U such that |f(z_0)|>=|f(z)| for all z in U, then f is constant. The ...