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A set S with a single point P removed is called a punctured set, written S\{P}.

A quadrilateral tiling is a tiling of the plane by identical quadrilaterals. Any nonself-intersecting quadrilateral (Wells 1991, p. 208) tiles the plane, as illustrated above.

A sum which includes both the Jacobi triple product and the q-binomial theorem as special cases. Ramanujan's sum is ...

"The rationals" refers to the set of rational numbers and is commonly denoted Q.

"The reals" is a common way of referring to the set of real numbers and is commonly denoted R.

The reciprocal differences are closely related to the divided difference. The first few are explicitly given by rho(x_0,x_1)=(x_0-x_1)/(f_0-f_1) (1) ...

A reduced root system is a root system R satisfying the additional property that, if alpha in R, then the only multiples of alpha in R are +/-alpha.

The topology induced by a topological space X on a subset S. The open sets of S are the intersections S intersection U, where U is an open set of X. For example, in the ...

S_n(z) = zj_n(z)=sqrt((piz)/2)J_(n+1/2)(z) (1) C_n(z) = -zn_n(z)=-sqrt((piz)/2)N_(n+1/2)(z), (2) where j_n(z) and n_n(z) are spherical Bessel functions of the first and ...

A manifold possessing a metric tensor. For a complete Riemannian manifold, the metric d(x,y) is defined as the length of the shortest curve (geodesic) between x and y. Every ...