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Nonparametric estimation is a statistical method that allows the functional form of a fit to data to be obtained in the absence of any guidance or constraints from theory. As ...

Let n be a positive integer and r(n) the number of (not necessarily distinct) prime factors of n (with r(1)=0). Let O(m) be the number of positive integers <=m with an odd ...

Let p run over all distinct primitive ordered periodic geodesics, and let tau(p) denote the positive length of p, then every even function h(rho) analytic in ...

There are several q-analogs of the cosine function. The two natural definitions of the q-cosine defined by Koekoek and Swarttouw (1998) are given by cos_q(z) = ...

There are several q-analogs of the sine function. The two natural definitions of the q-sine defined by Koekoek and Swarttouw (1998) are given by sin_q(z) = ...

A plot of the map winding number W resulting from mode locking as a function of Omega for the circle map theta_(n+1)=theta_n+Omega-K/(2pi)sin(2pitheta_n) (1) with K=1. (Since ...

The inverse hyperbolic functions, sometimes also called the area hyperbolic functions (Spanier and Oldham 1987, p. 263) are the multivalued function that are the inverse ...

The smallest value of a set, function, etc. The minimum value of a set of elements A={a_i}_(i=1)^N is denoted minA or min_(i)a_i, and is equal to the first element of a ...

A theorem which asserts that if a sequence or function behaves regularly, then some average of it behaves regularly. For example, A(x)∼x implies A_1(x)=int_0^xA(t)dt∼1/2x^2 ...

The sum of the values of an integral of the "first" or "second" sort int_(x_0,y_0)^(x_1,y_1)(Pdx)/Q+...+int_(x_0,y_0)^(x_N,y_N)(Pdx)/Q=F(z) and ...