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The letter O is used for a number of different purposes in mathematics. The double-struck O is sometimes used to represent octonions. The symbols O(x) (sometimes called the ...

A lattice path from one point to another is p-good if it lies completely below the line y=(p-1)x. (1) Hilton and Pederson (1991) show that the number of p-good paths from (1, ...

A shorthand name for a series with the variable k taken to a negative exponent, e.g., sum_(k=1)^(infty)k^(-p), where p>1. p-series are given in closed form by the Riemann ...

Diagonalize a form over the rationals to diag[p^a·A,p^b·B,...], where all the entries are integers and A, B, ... are relatively prime to p. Then the p-signature of the form ...

sum_(y=0)^m(-1)^(m-y)q^((m-y; 2))[m; y]_q(1-wq^m)/(q-wq^y) ×(1-wq^y)^m(-(1-z)/(1-wq^y);q)_y=(1-z)^mq^((m; 2)), where [n; y]_q is a q-binomial coefficient.

The function defined by [n]_q = [n; 1]_q (1) = (1-q^n)/(1-q) (2) for integer n, where [n; k]_q is a q-binomial coefficient. The q-bracket satisfies lim_(q->1^-)[n]_q=n. (3)

The q-analog of the derivative, defined by (d/(dx))_qf(x)=(f(x)-f(qx))/(x-qx). (1) For example, (d/(dx))_qsinx = (sinx-sin(qx))/(x-qx) (2) (d/(dx))_qlnx = ...

where _8phi_7 is a q-hypergeometric function.

A q-analog of the multinomial coefficient, defined as ([a_1+...+a_n]_q!)/([a_1]_q!...[a_n]_q!), where [n]_q! is a q-factorial.

The q-analog of the Pochhammer symbol defined by (a;q)_k={product_(j=0)^(k-1)(1-aq^j) if k>0; 1 if k=0; product_(j=1)^(|k|)(1-aq^(-j))^(-1) if k<0; ...