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A local sink is a node of a directed graph with no exiting edges, also called a terminal (Borowski and Borwein 1991, p. 401; left figure). A global sink (often simply called ...

The coheight of a proper ideal I of a commutative Noetherian unit ring R is the Krull dimension of the quotient ring R/I. The coheight is related to the height of I by the ...

The term "lobster" is used to refer either to a particular polyiamond or to a class of tree called a lobster graph. When referring to polyiamonds, the lobster is the ...

A quantity such as a polynomial discriminant which remains unchanged under a given class of algebraic transformations. Such invariants were originally called ...

A canonical labeling, also called a canonical form, of a graph G is a graph G^' which is isomorphic to G and which represents the whole isomorphism class of G (Piperno 2011). ...

Let L be an extension field of K, denoted L/K, and let G be the set of automorphisms of L/K, that is, the set of automorphisms sigma of L such that sigma(x)=x for every x in ...

The index of a vector field with finitely many zeros on a compact, oriented manifold is the same as the Euler characteristic of the manifold.

A conservative vector field (for which the curl del xF=0) may be assigned a scalar potential where int_CF·ds is a line integral.

An expression in mathematics which does not have meaning and so which is not assigned an interpretation. For example, division by zero is undefined in the field of real ...

Given a finitely generated Z-graded module M over a graded ring R (finitely generated over R_0, which is an Artinian local ring), define the Hilbert function of M as the map ...