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As Gauss showed in 1812, the hyperbolic tangent can be written using a continued fraction as tanhx=x/(1+(x^2)/(3+(x^2)/(5+...))) (Wall 1948, p. 349; Olds 1963, p. 138).

For a group G, consider a subgroup H with elements h_i and an element x of G not in H, then xh_i for i=1, 2, ... constitute the left coset of the subgroup H with respect to x.

Let H be a subgroup of G. A subset T of elements of G is called a left transversal of H if T contains exactly one element of each left coset of H.

A wavelet used in multiresolution representation to analyze the information content of images. The wavelet is defined by ...

A letter is an element of an alphabet. A collection of letters forms a word.

Let t(m) denote the set of the phi(m) numbers less than and relatively prime to m, where phi(n) is the totient function. Then if S_m=sum_(t(m))1/t, (1) then {S_m=0 (mod m^2) ...

A limb of a tree at a vertex v is the union of one or more branches at v in the tree. v is then called the base of the limb.

In abstract topology, a machine is method for producing infinite loop spaces and spectra. In automata theory, an abstract machine that is implemented in hardware is simply ...

A sequence defined from a finite sequence a_0, a_1, ..., a_n by defining a_(n+1)=max_(i)(a_i+a_(n-i)).

Let (A,<=) be a partially ordered set. Then an element m in A is said to be maximal if, for all a in A, m!<=a. Alternatively, an element m in A is maximal such that if m<=a ...