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A bipartite graph, also called a bigraph, is a set of graph vertices decomposed into two disjoint sets such that no two graph vertices within the same set are adjacent. A ...

Let L(x) denote the Rogers L-function defined in terms of the usual dilogarithm by L(x) = 6/(pi^2)[Li_2(x)+1/2lnxln(1-x)] (1) = ...

An automorphism is an isomorphism of a system of objects onto itself. The term derives from the Greek prefix alphaupsilontauomicron (auto) "self" and ...

The covariant derivative of the Riemann tensor is given by (1) Permuting nu, kappa, and eta (Weinberg 1972, pp. 146-147) gives the Bianchi identities ...

Codimension is a term used in a number of algebraic and geometric contexts to indicate the difference between the dimension of certain objects and the dimension of a smaller ...

A two-component complex column vector. Spinors can describe both bosons and fermions, while tensors can describe only bosons.

Let V be a real vector space (e.g., the real continuous functions C(I) on a closed interval I, two-dimensional Euclidean space R^2, the twice differentiable real functions ...

An equilibrium minimal surface for a crystal or drop which has the least anisotropic surface free energy for a given volume. It is the anisotropic analog of a sphere. In the ...

RSA numbers are difficult to-factor composite numbers having exactly two prime factors (i.e., so-called semiprimes) that were listed in the Factoring Challenge of RSA ...

A perfect graph is a graph G such that for every induced subgraph of G, the clique number equals the chromatic number, i.e., omega(G)=chi(G). A graph that is not a perfect ...