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A two-dimensional map also called the Taylor-Greene-Chirikov map in some of the older literature and defined by I_(n+1) = I_n+Ksintheta_n (1) theta_(n+1) = theta_n+I_(n+1) ...

A Carmichael number is an odd composite number n which satisfies Fermat's little theorem a^(n-1)-1=0 (mod n) (1) for every choice of a satisfying (a,n)=1 (i.e., a and n are ...

An ordinary differential equation of the form y^('')+P(x)y^'+Q(x)y=0. (1) Such an equation has singularities for finite x=x_0 under the following conditions: (a) If either ...

Triangulation is the division of a surface or plane polygon into a set of triangles, usually with the restriction that each triangle side is entirely shared by two adjacent ...

A magic square is a square array of numbers consisting of the distinct positive integers 1, 2, ..., n^2 arranged such that the sum of the n numbers in any horizontal, ...

The tangent plane to a surface at a point p is the tangent space at p (after translating to the origin). The elements of the tangent space are called tangent vectors, and ...

A mathematical procedure for finding the best-fitting curve to a given set of points by minimizing the sum of the squares of the offsets ("the residuals") of the points from ...

A C-matrix is a symmetric (C^(T)=C) or antisymmetric (C^(T)=-C) C_n (-1,0,1)-matrix with diagonal elements 0 and others +/-1 that satisfies CC^(T)=(n-1)I, (1) where I is the ...

A metric space Z^^ in which the closure of a congruence class B(j,m) is the corresponding congruence class {x in Z^^|x=j (mod m)}.

The j-function is the modular function defined by j(tau)=1728J(tau), (1) where tau is the half-period ratio, I[tau]>0, ...